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90-05: Estimating Operational Service Time of Heat ExchangersPredicting operational service time of heat exchangers between forced maintenance outages is a subject, which has been studied intensively for many years. Numerous technical and economic advantages would occur if such predictive data were available, to permit appropriate preventive actions to control potential fouling problems developing on either the cooling water side or the process fluid side. The calculation methodology developed by Kern and other

The new model developed from fundamental chemical relationships adapted and cooling water is able to predict pH within +0

When cooling is due to the use of water evaporation

but these devices are not an unmixed blessing

leading to injury and/or fatality

reinforcement

both on a first cost and operating cost basis

The conclusion is that all industrial cooling water systems are unique

and propane

Oil contamination represents a major problem to many large industrial cooling water systems

A useful bibliography of valuable references on the subject is also included

in-situ water conditions

Changes in droplet sizes due to evaporation or condensation