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62-03: A Comparison Between European and U.S. Cooling TowersThe studies and conclusions reported in this paper are the resuits of the author's own work. The paper has been presented before and reviewed by the Cooling Tower Institute and approved as a valuable contribution to cooling tower literature.

During the test batch Na-hypochlorite dosing was unable to mitigate the biofilm significantly

the authors presented a case study where an existing tower was retrofitted with a motor of this type

especially with partially built structures

including the makeup to cooling towers

concrete peeling

Because of fouling issues due to the use of untreated raw water as make up

The velocity also has an effect on the condensate temperature

Various corrective measures are provided along with support data

Molybdate-based chemicals have been used as corrosion inhibitors in cooling tower systems for several years

while eliminating the fouling previously experienced due to inorganic loading

This requires careful design of the overall system starting from cooling water/sea water exchangers

Some of this is used for the extraction of magnesium and bromine